Welding of copper and its alloys, galvanized iron, cast iron, malleable iron joining brass or bronze to steel; repair and build up of machine parts consisting of the foregoing metals as piston rods, gears, guides, water wheels, ship propellers, impeller blades bearings, bushings, motor end rings, valve sets, contact points, couplings, pipings, etc.

Clean the parent metal of all rust, paint, scale, oil, grease, and moisture to ensure sound porosity-free welds. Because of the high conductivity of copper alloys, preheating is usually necessary especially on heavy sections. Preheat to a temperature of about 260 degrees celsius and maintain this throughout the welding operation. No preheat is required to thin sections (less than 5.0mm) or on ferrous based materials.